雅思写作Section 1 学习记录

来源：task1.pdf。本文按考场写作流程整理，重点保留可直接套用的模板、分段规则和检查清单。

1. 开头段 Intro

1.1 图表类型 + 动词

不要照抄题目里的 show / chart / graph。先看图表长相，再选主语和动词。

图表类型	推荐主语	推荐动词
折线图	`The line graph`	`illustrates` / `compares`
柱状图	`The bar chart`	`illustrates` / `compares`
饼图	`The pie chart`	`illustrates` / `provides information on`
表格	`The table`	`illustrates` / `compares` / `provides information on`
地图	`The map`	`details` / `outlines` / `delineates`
流程图	`The process diagram`	`details` / `outlines`

单图：

The line graph / bar chart / pie chart / table illustrates ...
The line graph / bar chart / table compares ...
The map / process diagram details ...
The map / process diagram outlines ...

多个同类图：

The two pie charts illustrate ...
The three tables provide information on ...

多个不同类图：

The line graph illustrates 对象 1, while the bar chart provides information on 对象 2.
The line graph illustrates 对象 1, while the table details 对象 2.

1.2 把题目长句改成高级名词短语

不要写：

how many people ...
the number of people who ...
how much money ...
how it is made ...
how it changed ...

按主题替换：

主题	可用名词短语
人口 / 人群	`the demographic profile of ...` / `the proportion of the population ...`
行为 / 参与	`the distribution of ...` / `attendance figures for ...` / `participation figures for ...`
毕业 / 旅行去向	`the ... destinations of ...`
花钱 / 预算	`financial expenditure on ...` / `the allocation of budget for ...`
销售 / 收入	`sales revenue generated by ...` / `the economic valuation of ...`
价格 / 商业变化	`price fluctuations of ...` / `the commercial turnover of ...`
能源 / 水 / 资源	`energy/water consumption levels across ...` / `the utilisation of ...`
生产 / 排放	`production volume of ...` / `the carbon footprint/emissions resulting from ...`
时间 / 交通承载	`time allocation for ...` / `transportation capacity of ...`
自然流程	`the natural life cycle of ...` / `the ecological mechanism behind ...`
工业流程	`the industrial procedure involved in producing ...` / `the manufacturing process involved in producing ...`
地图变化	`the spatial layout of ...` / `the physical transformation of ...` / `the infrastructural redevelopment planned for ...`

1.3 分类、单位、地点、时间

分类补充：

..., categorised into 数字 distinct 总名称, ...
..., broken down by 分类依据, ...
... across 数字 separate sectors/categories ...

单位补充：

..., measured in 单位, ...
..., expressed as a percentage, ...
..., denominated in 货币单位, ...

时间表达：

in the year 年份
in the years 年份 A and 年份 B respectively
over a 跨度-year period commencing in 起点年份
between 起点年份 and the projected year of 终点年份
the current layout alongside proposed future developments

地点表达：

in 国家/地区
across 国家/地区
in 数字 distinct countries/regions, namely, ...
in ten selected countries

开头段拼装公式：

图表主语 + 动词 + 高级名词短语 + 分类/单位 + 地点 + 时间.

示例框架：

The table compares the demographic profile of impoverished households,
categorised into six distinct family structures, across Australia in the year 1999.

课堂例句：C04T04 混合图

The line graph illustrates the visits to and from the UK by overseas and local residents
over a 20-year period commencing in 1979, and the bar chart provides a further breakdown
of the number of UK residents travelling to the five most popular destinations in the year 1999,
both measured in millions.

可拆分模板：

The line graph illustrates 对象 1 over a 跨度-year period commencing in 起点年份,
and the bar chart provides a further breakdown of 对象 2 in the year 年份,
both measured in 单位.

注意：

visits to and from the UK = 到英国和从英国出发的访问 / 旅行。
UK residents travelling to ... 比 UK residents to ... 更完整。
不要写 from the the UK，the 只能出现一次。
时间可以写 between 1979 and 1999 / from 1979 to 1999，但开头段更推荐 over a 20-year period commencing in 1979。

课堂例句：C05T01 人口比例 + 未来预测

The line graph illustrates the proportion of the population aged 65 and over,
expressed as a percentage, between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.

可替换成更强的主题名词：

The line graph illustrates the demographic profile of the elderly population,
expressed as a percentage, between 1940 and the projected year of 2040 in three different countries.

注意：

aged 65 and over = 65 岁及以上。
demographic profile 可理解为“人口画像 / 人口构成”。
如果终点年份在未来，可以写 the projected year of 2040，提醒考官这是预测数据。

后续内容已加锁